Climate Change in South Asia

Trends, Projections, and Impacts on Coastal Communities

Abstract

Climate change has become one of South Asia's most serious problems. This region has a lot of people living in a small area, is economically vulnerable, and has a lot of low-lying beaches. This study analyzes the changing patterns and future predictions of climate change in South Asia, concentrating on its effects on coastal communities. Floods, cyclones, coastal erosion, and saline intrusion are happening more often and with more force because of rising temperatures, unpredictable monsoon patterns, and faster sea-level rise. These changes severely affect livelihoods depending on agriculture, fisheries, and coastal ecosystems, while also leading to relocation, health hazards, and destruction of vital infrastructure. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the analysis synthesizes modern climate models, regional assessments, and community-level case studies to understand the geographical and socio-economic dimensions of vulnerability. Enhancing resilience requires bolstering early warning systems, climate-resilient infrastructure, ecosystem-based adaptation, and community-led catastrophe risk reduction. The results highlight the critical need for inclusive adaptation methods, investments in climate-smart development, and coordinated regional policies to protect the future of South Asia's coastal inhabitants in the face of escalating climate hazards.